Origin
HIV is thought to have originated in non-human primates in sub-Saharan Africa and transferred to humans early in the 20th century.[16] The first paper recognizing a pattern of opportunistic infections was published on 4 June 1981.[17]
Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Both species of the virus are believed to have originated in West-Central Africa and jumped species (zoonosis) from a non-human primate to humans. HIV-1 is thought to have originated in southern Cameroon after jumping from wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) to humans during the twentieth century.[18][19] It evolved from a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIVcpz)[20] HIV-2, on the other hand, may have originated from the Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys), an Old World monkey of Guinea-Bissau, Gabon, and Cameroon.[15]
New World Monkeys are an interesting exception to the transmission of HIV. Their immunity is believed to be caused by retrotransposition of the Cyclophilin gene into an intron of TRIM5. The result is fusion gene that provides the owl monkey with resistance to HIV-1 infection. [21]
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